Coronvirus desies and its consequences have caused concern among various segments of society. In particular, the change in teaching methods from online to face-to-face training and the damage caused by this process in some cases has made this educational process difficult. Thus, identifying students' concerns and understanding the predictions of anxiety in the reopening of educational institutions will allow us to address the roots of this factor after the Corona epidemic and the reopening of schools.. This research is a qualitative research and content analysis and its statistical population is high school students in Tehran at the time of reopening of schools after the Corona epidemic. From this statistical population, 40 male and female subjects who met the research criteria were selected. After interviewing the subjects and analyzing them, sub-themes and main themes have been identified and classified.

The purpose of this research is to determine the relationship between moral intelligence and academic self-efficacy with the mediation of academic engagement of students in Mahabad city. The method of descriptive-survey research was of the correlation type and the statistical population was all 2831 secondary school female students of Mahabad city, of which 338 were selected by cluster sampling using Morgan's table. Data collection tools were standardized questionnaires of moral intelligence of Lenik and Hill (2005), academic self-efficacy of Jinks and Morgan (1999) and academic engagement of Fridix et al. (2006). The results of hypothesis testing were analyzed by spss and pls software and using correlation tests and structural equation modeling. The results showed that moral intelligence has a positive and significant relationship on academic self-efficacy with the mediation of academic conflict (0.31). Also, the results indicated that there is a positive and significant relationship between moral intelligence and academic self-efficacy components (0.52). The relationship between moral intelligence and academic engagement components was positive and significant (0.76) and finally, academic engagement has a positive and significant relationship with academic self-efficacy (0.41). Therefore, by increasing moral intelligence and consequently increasing academic engagement, it is possible to provide the basis for increasing academic self-efficacy in secondary school female students of Mahabad city.

Goal: Rational agency and belief in divine values ​​is the elixir of moving forward, resilience, uplifting and value-creating in individual and communal human life in the digital age. The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the perception and lived experience of senior high school students about the role of cyberspace in transforming their religious beliefs. Method: To achieve this objective, a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenological method were employed along with interviews with email and open-ended questions. The participants were chosen using the snowball sampling method within the research field, which consisted of female students in senior high school, between 15 and 18 years old, residing in districts 1, 16, and 20 of Tehran. The semi-structured interview process concluded after the 15th interview, upon reaching saturation. Data were analyzed using the MAXQDA software based on Colaizzi’s method. In order to increase the reliability, credibility, and confirmability of the data, the methods of “investigation and review in the time of coding”, “using the opinions of research colleagues”, and “long-term immersion” were utilized.  The findings led to the identification of 85 significant statements, and the classification of 15 sub-themes and 5 themes, including cognitive, doctrinal, behavioral, emotional, and practical themes. Findings: By investigating the views and experiences of students in facing the cyberspace and the expansion of its use during the Covid-19 pandemic and afterwards, significant and sometimes worrying changes have occurred in the students' religious beliefs in all five mains cognitive, doctrinal, behavioral, emotional, and practical dimensions. Conclusion: The right upbringing and setting the ground for the promotion of beliefs and agency for religious teachings in the students studied does not have a satisfactory condition, rather, with the influence of diverse factors, especially the content and values ​​common and dominant in the cyberspace, it has been accompanied by extensive changes in the opposite direction of the expected religious beliefs. It seems that the existing trend of facing with and accessing to the cyberspace, without intelligent management of teenagers, with all levels of content and lack of attention close to passivity to the content presented and released in the cyberspace, which according to the evidences has worked more effectively in schools, can undermine the foundation of students' religious beliefs. It is important to pay serious attention to teaching media literacy to parents and teenagers, creating a basis for giving functionality to the incentives and actions of all educated people and those concerned with education, including teachers, lecturers, professors, trainers, counselors, psychologists, sociologists and cultural promoters for the public production and republishing of the noble and original content in accordance with the cultural teachings of our country, and especially its publication and dissemination based on entertainment and educational principles, even so late, can provide a basis for reducing the risks of this highly effective and original space known as cyberspace and free the society from some of its dangers. Keywords: religious beliefs, cyberspace, transmogrification, senior high school students, phenomenology

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to compare the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere and the academic vitality of elementary school boys in non-profit and normal schools in Qain city. Method: The method of this research was descriptive and comparative. The statistical population of this research included all elementary students of non-profit and normal schools in Qain city in the academic year of 2023-2024. From among the statistical population, 114 students (57 regular students and 57 male students from non-profit schools) were selected as the research sample using available sampling method. In order to collect research data, Barry, Betty and Watt (2004) school Belonging Questionnaire, Reddy and Rhodes (2007) Perception of school Atmosphere Questionnaire and Martin and Marsh (2008) Academic Vitality Questionnaire were used. In order to analyze the research data, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used. Findings: The results of the research data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the variables of feeling of belonging to school, perception of school atmosphere and academic vitality in non-profit and normal school students (p<0.005). In other words, the sense of belonging to the school, the perception of the school atmosphere, and the academic vitality of non-profit students are more than the students of normal schools.Conclusion:The results of this research showed that the scores of normal students in the studied variables are lower than those of non-profit students, so normal schools should provide training to strengthen academic variables

Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of effective school-based self-control skill training on increasing psychological hardiness and self-efficacy of male students of the first secondary level.Method: This research is a semi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the present study included male students of the first secondary school in Qom city, 30 students were selected using the available sampling method and divided into two groups of 15 people completely randomly. students in the experimental group participated in 8 sessions of the school-based self-control training program, and the control group did not receive training. Before and after the implementation of the intervention, both groups were evaluated using the psychological hardiness scale of Lang and Goulet (2003) and the self-efficacy scale of children and adolescents (SEQ-C). The data was analyzed using spss-22 software and through repeated measures analysis of variance test.Findings: The results showed that school-based self-control skill training has a significant effect on increasing students' psychological hardiness and self-efficacy (P<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that school-based self-control skill training can be an effective intervention in increasing psychological hardiness and self-efficacy in students.

The primary aim of the present research is to study the attitude of (first, second and third grade) high school students in Tehran province schools towards Arabic language. secondly, the effort is also taken to find out the relationship (if any) between sex and different "Educational and training" regions. Therefore, first an attitude questionnaire was prepared based on the specialists' points of view, then it was administered to 372 students (192 girls and 180 boys) The results indicated that the students, both girls and boys, had negative attitude towards Arabic language moreover, the fin digs showed a significant relationship between grade and sex, considered individually, and the attitude. However, there was significant relationship or interaction among sex, grade, the educational region and the attitude toward Arabic language.

The recent studies point to this fact that modifying the people's viewpoints on drugs from positive to negative can play an important role as a preventive step, because of a direct link that exists between attitude and getting involved with drugs. As an introductory, the youngsters' viewpoints on drugs has been brought into consideration to make possible such a planning. In this regard, 1403 secondary school students in Tehran (49.3 percent girls, 50.7 percent boys, ranging between 11-16 years old) were surveyed and the results were as follow:1- Twenty-five percent of the students' have a positive attitude to word drugs. 2- The prevalence of drug abuse among them is about %5. Meanwhile it declared that 60 percent of students don't have any desire toward drugs, 3.6 percent a slight, and 4 percent a severe one.

The purpose of this research was to design a model to measure the general competencies of elementary school students with regard to regard to all domains education and to examine these competencies in elementary school students from the perspective of school principals and assistants. The present one is of the type of exploratory mixed research projects, and the researchers conducted have been collected using two qualitative methods (comparative analysis and interviews with experts) and quantitative methods (researcher's questionnaire based on the research model). In the qualitative part, at first, using comparative content analysis with Meiring's method and based on the fundamental reform doc ument of Education and other high-level documents, 5 main were extracted and the text of the interview based on these elements and considering all domains education was provided to 8 primary education experts who were selected by purposeful and snowball sampling. The results of semi-structured interviews showed that the general competencies of primary school students had 8 common themes and 182 sub-themes. In the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was created based on the research model, and after validating it, it was given to 70 vice-principals and managers (out of 205 people) of schools in Bukan city in the academic year of 1402-1401, who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method, it placed. Finally, the results of Friedman's test showed that the performance of students in spiritual and intrapersonal-ethical competencies is favorable, in learning competencies is weak and in psychological-physical and cultural-social competencies is very unfavorable.

Fostering critical thinking among senior high school students in Colombia has been an unfulfilled goal. This undesirable situation has multiple causes: “critical thinking” has become a mere slogan and its meaning and scope have not been clearly specified despite being widely used in the different levels of the education system. Furthermore, the strategies designed to teach critical thinking lack creativity, reinforce rote learning and the sheer repetition of logic rules besides misallocating the goal of reasoning and argumentation by focusing only on rhetorical persuasion. Textbooks and core literature in critical thinking suggest that a critical thinker is someone who always has plenty of arguments to defend her beliefs besides being ready to address even destructive criticism. By contrast, critical rationalism emphasizes the importance of a humble approach, acknowledges error, and portrays a critical thinker as someone who is ready to test her most beloved theories against experience and to reject them in the light of the facts that contradict her beliefs and certainties. We consider that a pedagogical approach enriched with fallibilism might be central for a better education and endorse these views with the results of a case study conducted in Manizales, Colombia, which shows that teaching the basics of logic and argumentation by using the central tenets of critical rationalism fosters critical thinking among senior high school students

Background and Aim: Suitable nutritional pattern plays an important role in girls' health. One of the priorities of Health, Treatment, and Medical training Ministry is training proper feeding during puberty. Understanding the proper feeding pattern for this age group will be advantageous in planning and performing nutritional menus. The present research was conducted to determine proper nutritional pattern in Birjand girls' secondary schools.Materials and Method: In this descriptive- analytical and cross-sectional study, 385 students from Birjand girls' secondary schools were chosen applying random sampling. Means of gathering data consisted of a three sectional questionnaire including demography, a 24-hour food reminder, and frequency of consumption during the previous week. The obtained data was analyzed using SPSS software, statistical tests X2 and one-way variance analysis at the significant level P<0.05.Results: Findings showed daily breakfast consumption by 141 students (36.6%). Frequency of consumed between meals during the previous week was 4.55±3.1 and the mostly used between meal was bread and cheese by 44.7% (i.e.by 172 students).The least used between meal was chips and puffy candy by 8.3% (i.e.32 individual).Mean intake of foodstuffs during the 24 hours included 4.92±2.27 units of bread and corn(recommended dose=6-11 units), 4.46±2.17 units of fruits and vegetables (recommended dose=5-9 units), 2±1.14 units of dairy(recommended dose=2-3 units), and 2.9±1.5 units of meat and meat substitutes(recommended dose=2-3 units). It was found that there was a significant relationship between daily meat consumption and father's job/occupation; and between daily fruits and vegetables consumption and mother's. Besides, a significant difference was observed between some foods daily consumption, place of education, and either of parent's education level.Conclusion: Regarding the findings of the study, it is advisable to instruct the students in order to match their food habits with the food pyramid.